Inteligencia Artificial Y Robótica

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
What we previously considered science fiction is now possible thanks to the development of artificial intelligence and robotics. Which means that the inventions we see in movies could become reality in the not-so-distant future.
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence is called the branch of computer science dedicated to the development of non-living rational agents. Artificial intelligence aims for machines to be capable of emulating intelligent behaviors.
To explain the above definition, An agent is understood as anything capable of perceiving its environment (Receiving inputs), Processing such perceptions and acting in its environment (Providing outputs). And rationality is understood as the characteristic that a choice has of being correct, más específicamente, de tender a maximizar un resultado esperado. (Este concepto de racionalidad es más common y por ello más adecuado que inteligencia para definir la naturaleza del objetivo de esta disciplina).
Therefore, y de manera más específica la artificial intelligence blog es la disciplina que se encarga de construir procesos que al ser ejecutados sobre una arquitectura física producen acciones resultados que maximizan una medida de rendimiento determinada, based on the sequence of perceived inputs and the knowledge stored in such architecture.
Existen distintos tipos de conocimiento y medios de representación del conocimiento. El cual puede ser cargado en el agente por su diseñador puede ser aprendido por el mismo agente utilizando técnicas de aprendizaje
AI systems are currently part of the routine in fields such as economics , medicine , engineering and the military , y se ha usado en gran variedad de aplicaciones de software , strategy games like chess on the computer and other video games
Within the field of Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence is one of the areas that generates the most excitement, even within society, it is normal, because the search to understand the mechanisms of intelligence, has been the philosopher's stone of the work of many scientists for many years and continues to be so.
Traditional methods in Artificial Intelligence that allowed the development of the first expert systems and other applications, have gone hand in hand with technological advances and the boundaries have been constantly expanding whenever an achievement, considered impossible at the time, becomes possible thanks to advances around the world, even generating a new work mindset that recognizes no physical or political boundaries. It is understood as a common effort.
The understanding of the mechanisms of intellect, Cognition and the creation of intelligent artifacts, becomes increasingly a goal that I dream of, in light of the enormous achievements, in just around half a century of development of computer sciences and putting logic at the service of building systems.
Applications of artificial intelligence
Lingüística computacional
Industrial.
Medical
robotics
Videojuegos
Watches
robotics:
Robots are devices composed of sensors that receive input data, a computer which, upon receiving the input information, orders the robot to perform a certain action.
Nowadays one of the purposes of building robots is their intervention in manufacturing processes, responsible for carrying out repetitive tasks in manufacturing process chains, como por ejemplo: spray painting, injection molding, welding car bodies, moving materials, and many others, delivering speed, quality, and precision.
-Types of Robots:
Pneumatically Driven Robots.
The programming of these robots consists of connecting plastic tubes to coupling sleeves of the pneumatic control unit. By modifying the connections of the coupling sleeves, different step sequences can be programmed.
Due to their simplicity, some believe that this type of machine should not be called robots; However, they contain all the basic elements of a robot: they are programmable, automatic and can perform a wide variety of movements.
Robots Equipped with Servomechanisms.
Another type of more sophisticated robots are those that carry servomechanisms, the use of servomechanisms is linked to the use of sensors, such as potentiometers, que informan de la posición del brazo la pieza que se ha movido del robotic para asegurar su correcta posición.
Robots Punto a Punto.
Añadiendo a los servomecanismos una memoria electrónica capaz de almacenar programas y un conjunto de circuitos de management digital, se obtienen robots más potentes y de más fácil manejo.
La programación de este tercer tipo de robots se efectúa mediante una caja de control que posee un botón de control de velocidad, mediante el cual se puede ordenar al robotic la ejecución de los movimientos paso a paso. Se clasifican, por orden de ejecución, los pasos que el robotic debe seguir, al mismo tiempo que se puede ir grabando en la memoria la posición de cada paso. Este será el programa que el robot ejecutará. Una vez terminada la programación, The robot starts its work according to the program instructions. This type of robots is called point-to-point, because the path designed for performing its work is defined by few points.
Algunas aplicaciones para estos robots: su uso en las cadenas de soldadura de carrocerías de automóviles. The robots are programmed to weld cars of various different models. The programmer, a censor, recognizes the type of car and determines the program that must be applied in each case.
Computer-Controlled Robots.
A fourth type of robots includes those that can be controlled by computer. With it, it is possible to program the robot to move its arms describing any geometric figure between pre-established points. The movement of its arms is specified using various coordinate systems depending on the reference taken.
Robots with Sensory Capabilities.
Sensory capabilities can still be added to this type of robot: optical sensors, encoders, and so forth. Those that do not have these capabilities can only work in environments where the objects being manipulated are always in the same position.
In the case of the car body welding line,, the car bodies are in motion until they reach in front of the robot, donde quedan inmóviles hasta que éste termina su trabajo; en este momento la cadena se vuelve a poner en movimiento hasta que vuelve a detenerse cuando otra carrocería está delante del robotic. Si estos robots tuvieran capacidades sensoriales, podrían suprimirse las paradas en la cadena.
Robots with sensory capabilities constitute the latest generation of this type of machine. El uso de estos robots en los ambientes industriales es muy escaso debido a su elevado coste. A pesar de todo, la investigación sobre los aparatos sensoriales está en pleno apogeo, lo que conducirá seguramente a un abaratamiento de éstos y a un aumento de su potencia y de sus capacidades. Se usan en cadenas de embotellado para comprobar si las botellas están llenas si la etiqueta está bien colocadas.
En el siguiente video podemos ver un robot que es controlado por las neuronas del cerebro de una rata:
Enlaces de interés:
Esta muy bien ¿pero para que sirve?
Iñaki
LAURA MARLEN ALVARADO
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